The Vietnam War (1955 – 1975)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident started the Vietnam War for the USA.
The US media and politicians claimed that US warships were attacked on 4 August 1964.
After the attack, – the US Joint Chiefs of Staff approved a message for the bombing of North Vietnam, and this sent out at 19 minutes past 5.
From there, – we have the escalation of the Vietnam War.
South Vietnam had a population of around 19 million people at the time.
During the Vietnam War, chemical weapons were used and sprayed by the US air force during “Operation Ranch Hand”, from 1962 to 1971.
“Operation Ranch Hand” sprayed around 19 million gallons of herbicide, which consisted of Agent Orange.
Operation Ranch Hand flew more than 19 thousand combat sorties.
The first combat training sortie by the US air force in the Vietnam War was on 19 December 1961.
In 1962 that the United States insisted, that an army of around 19 thousand regular soldiers, was what South Vietnam needed.
The police force in South Vietnam under the Diem Government in 1962 had around 19 thousand men.
In 1963, around 19 thousand men from the Hmong people, were recruited by the CIA in Laos
After 1964, around 19 thousand infiltrators went to South Vietnam through Cambodia.
SIGNIFICANCE OF CAMBODIA TO THE ENEMY – 1967/12/28 | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)
Operation Rolling Thunder started on 2 March 1965, the main bombing campaign of North Vietnam.
On the first day of the operation, 104 US aircraft and 19 South Vietnam aircraft, attacked North Vietnam.
Around 19 thousand South Korean troops were in South Vietnam in 1965.
Around 19 thousand Australian soldiers served in the Vietnam War.
General Thieu became the acting President of South Vietnam on 19 June 1965, and then fully President from 1967 to 1975.
The beginning of the first major confrontation between the North Vietnamese Army and the US Army during the Vietnam War happened on the 19 October 1965.
It was known as the Siege of Plei Me.
Operation Cedar Falls took place in January of 1967, and was for an estimated 19 days.
It was the largest US ground operation of the Vietnam War.
Battlefield:Vietnam | Timeline
“Dear Abby” is an American advice column found in 1956.
In August 1967 a letter was sent to “Dear Abby”, which asked readers to write to lonely soldiers.
Within the next three months, there was around 200,000 letters and 19 thousand packages.
‘Dear Abby’ letter during Vietnam War changed mail call for lonely soldiers
In 1967, – around 19 thousand soldiers were injured that year.
On 19th of November in 1967, during the Battle of Dak, one of the worst friendly fire incidents of the Vietnam War took place.
In January 1968, the Tet offensive attack on the US Embassy in Saigon took place.
This was done by 19 Vietcong (VC) militants.
It was a big media story.
19 thousand South Vietnamese people had volunteered in 1968, to join the new civil defense militia.
B-52 bombers used in the Vietnam War, had a limit set by the Johnson administration that annual sorties should not exceed 19 thousand.
The “My Lai” massacre was from 16 to 19 March 1968.
The massacre was the murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by US troops.
Many US soldiers were charged for the “My Lai” massacre, and there was big media coverage.
Only 1 man was convicted: – named Calley.
Calley made his first public apology on 19 August 2009 regarding the massacre.
Vietnam War escalated further between March 1968 and March 1969.
This is when the number of dead US soldiers went from around 19 thousand to 33 thousand.
President Johnson shocked the world on national television in 1968:
he ordered the bombing of North Vietnam to stop.
This was stopped above the 19th Parallel, but the border between North and South Vietnam was on the 17th parallel.
September 1968, American public support for the Vietnam War dropped to its lowest at:
19 percent.
How Journalism Influenced American Public Opinion During the Vietnam War: A Case Study of the Battle of Ap Bac, The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, The Tet Offensive, and the My Lai Massacre
Senator Edward (Ted) Kennedy, said in March 1970 that over 19 thousand people, from the total number of people who died in action in Vietnam at that time – were under the age of 21.
In February, South Vietnam and the US forces, invaded Laos, because of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that was used by the Vietcong.
The operation was called – Lam Son 719 or Lam Son Seven Hundred and 19.
In December of 1971, an estimated 19 thousand North Vietnamese troops were involved at the Long Tieng battle in Laos.
The Office of the Historian at the US State Department has said that the time period between 19th of July and 7th of October in 1972, was the time when a peace agreement was trying to be made between the different sides of the war.
China was heavily involved in supporting North Vietnam.
Chinese sources have said that between 1964 and 1975, North Vietnam received more than 1.9 million guns.
Henry Kissinger went to Beijing on 19 June 1972 to speak to the Chinese about the war, in order to negotiate a settlement to end the war.
Final draft peace treaty was completed by Henry Kissinger on 19 October 1972.
This then led to a peace treaty and the end of the war for the US after 1973.
In 1974 the North Vietnamese had completed 19 thousand kilometers of roads, – leading from the demilitarized zone in Quang Tri Province, to Loc Ninh, northwest of Saigon.
One result of the Vietnam War, was the Cambodian Genocide, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.9 million people, and this figure is often disputed.
More than 19 thousand graves have been found in Cambodia, from the Cambodian Genocide (1975-1979).
In 2021 that “unexploded ordnance” from the Vietnam War, had killed an estimated 19 thousand people since 1979.
American bombing 50 years ago still shapes Cambodian agriculture
The average life expectancy of a US Army Huey pilot in combat during the Vietnam War was 19 minutes.
An estimated 19 thousand Vietnamese engineers were working together with the US military during the Vietnam War.
Around 19 thousand American women lived and worked in Vietnam during the war.
The fatality rate during the middle of the Vietnam War was very low.
It was around 19 percent.
US military intervention in Vietnam – led to the deaths of over 1.9 million Vietnamese people.
The Vietnam War lasted for around 19 years.
The media promoted a song called “19” which was released in 1985, and the song was related to the Vietnam War.
It was big media success.
A common belief was that the average age of soldiers in Vietnam was 19.
The media spoke about this many times, but researchers found that media historians advertised this belief in the first place, and also said it was a myth.
The Vietnam War created many refugees, – many were known as the Boat People.
Some of them went to Hong Kong, which was British at the time.
Media historians reported that around 19 thousand of these refugees went to the UK, via Hong Kong.
After the war, – reports show that around 19 percent of the US troops who served in Vietnam, returned with post-traumatic stress disorder.
The US Justice Department honoured veterans of the Vietnam War in 2011.
It was the 50th anniversary of the war.
The ceremony honored 19 thousand people.
The Vietnam War Summit took place in 2016, many years after the war.
The US Secretary of State John Kerry, said that there were an estimated 19 thousand Vietnamese students, in the US at the time.
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Code 19 – Library of Rickandria